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Atypical Kawasaki Disease in a 5-month-old Infant

Hiba Habeebu Rahiman1, Subhranshu Sekhar Kar1, Mariam Mehwish Mohsin1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, RAKCOMS, RAKMHSU, Ras-Al-khaimah, UAE.

Annals of African Medicine
|April 2, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Kawasaki disease (KD) in infants under 6 months presents diagnostic challenges. Early recognition and treatment of this vasculitis are vital to prevent serious cardiac complications like coronary aneurysms.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Cardiology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Kawasaki disease (KD) is a critical vasculitis affecting young children.
  • Infants under 6 months often exhibit atypical presentations, complicating diagnosis.
  • Delayed diagnosis increases the risk of coronary artery aneurysms and other cardiac sequelae.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges of Kawasaki disease in infants under 6 months.
  • To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment in preventing cardiac complications.
  • To report a rare case of incomplete Kawasaki disease in a 5-month-old infant.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 5-month-old Bangladeshi girl with prolonged fever, rash, and sterile pyuria.
  • Initial misdiagnosis of partially treated meningitis.
  • Diagnosis confirmed by persistent inflammation, edema, osteoarthritis, and echocardiographic findings of a coronary aneurysm.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with atypical symptoms, delaying Kawasaki disease diagnosis.
  • Echocardiography revealed a small coronary aneurysm.
  • Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), aspirin, and corticosteroids led to symptom resolution and normalized cardiac findings.

Conclusions:

  • Kawasaki disease in infants under 6 months often presents as incomplete or atypical, posing diagnostic challenges.
  • Prompt recognition and management, including echocardiography, are crucial for preventing cardiac complications.
  • Increased clinical awareness and timely intervention are essential for improving outcomes in this high-risk population.

Keywords:
Atypical presentationKawasaki diseasePrésentation atypiqueanévrisme coronariencoronary aneurysmfebrile infantimmunoglobuline intraveineuseintravenous immunoglobulinmaladie de Kawasakinourrisson fébrile

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