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Updated: May 16, 2025
Intramucosal Inoculation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in Mice for Tumor Immune Profiling and Treatment Response Assessment
Published on: April 22, 2019
Early and Long-Term Thyroid Dysfunction in Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma After External
Adriana Russo Fiore1, Gustavo Jacob Lourenço2, Eduardo Baldon Pereira3
1Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology Division, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Background:
To evaluate thyroid dysfunction(TD) among patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) submitted to external radiotherapy (RT).
Methods:
The study focused on early and long-term TD in 285 HNSCC patients treated with RT alone or combined with radiochemotherapy and/or surgery.
Results:
A total of 156 (54.7%) patients presented TD during follow-up, 153 (53.7%) TD in long-term. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) was the TD first identified in 43.5%; persisted in 68.5%, evolved to overt hypothyroidism in 21%, central hypothyroidism in 0.8%, returned to euthyroidism in 9.7%. TD first detection was 7.2 months after RT, 3.85 months for subclinical thyrotoxicosis, 17.77 months for SCH. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), metastatic lymph nodes, no tumor resection were TD risk factors. All patients with TSH ≥ 7.5 mIU/mL developed primary/SCH, 19.5% with TSH < 7.5 mIU/mL remained euthyroid at long-term follow-up.
Conclusion:
Frequent monitoring of thyroid function is necessary in patients with HNSCC after RT, particularly with DM2, lymph node involvement, no surgical tumor resection.
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