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Rosmanol Suppresses Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cell Proliferation and Enhances Apoptosis, the Regulation of MAPK/NF-κB
Weiping Tao1, Chaowu Jiang2, Periyannan Velu3
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China.
Abstract:
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) is a major public health problem in endemic zones. NPC is correlated with substantial illness and death; thus, superior treatment is desired. Rosmanol (RM) is a phenolic diterpene antioxidant extracted from the medicinal herb Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). RM has been investigated for its anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties by numerous signaling cascades. However, the fundamental anticancer latent mechanism of RM persists as unidentified. Hence, this present research proposes to search for the anti-cancer efficacy of RM on human NPC cells CNE2 using an in vitro approach. To assess the possible molecular mechanisms of proliferation, apoptosis, cell-cycle regulatory proteins, and MAPKs/NF-κB signaling of NPC cells were administered RM (20 and 30 µM) and assayed through MTT, DCFH-DA, Rh-123 staining, AO/EB, PI, Rh-123/DAPI merge form staining, RT-PCR, and Western blot. The result was recognized that RM could reduce NPC cell viability by elevated intracellular ROS, MMP damage, and generate apoptosis. RM inhibits the Cyclin-D1, Bax, TNF-α, and NF-κB, and induces BCl-2 analyzed via RT PCR. RM attenuates the cell cycle mechanism by repressing NPC cell cycle-related proteins: CDK4/CDK6, pRB, cyclin-D1, and MAPKs/NF-κB signaling. These data established that the MAPKs/NF-κB pathway is a potential target for the remedial action of RM. In summary, RM may be an effective conventional chemotherapy drug in preventing the progression of NPC.
Insights
Rosmanol (RM), an antioxidant from rosemary, effectively reduced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell viability by inducing apoptosis and damaging cell mechanisms. RM targets the MAPKs/NF-κB pathway, showing potential as a novel chemotherapy agent for NPC.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) poses a significant public health challenge, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.
- Rosmanol (RM), a rosemary-derived phenolic diterpene, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties, but its anticancer mechanisms remain largely unelucidated.
- Understanding RM's molecular targets is crucial for developing effective NPC treatments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the in vitro anti-cancer efficacy of Rosmanol (RM) on human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) CNE2 cells.
- To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying RM's anti-cancer effects, including proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and signaling pathways.
- To assess the potential of RM as a conventional chemotherapy drug for NPC.
Main Methods:
- NPC CNE2 cells were treated with RM (20 and 30 µM).
- Assays included MTT, DCFH-DA, Rh-123 staining, AO/EB, PI, Rh-123/DAPI staining, RT-PCR, and Western blot.
- Analysis focused on intracellular ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), apoptosis, cell cycle proteins, and MAPKs/NF-κB signaling.
Main Results:
- RM significantly reduced NPC cell viability by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and damaging mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP).
- RM induced apoptosis in NPC cells and modulated key regulatory proteins: inhibiting Cyclin-D1, Bax, TNF-α, and NF-κB, while inducing BCl-2.
- RM treatment attenuated the cell cycle by repressing CDK4/CDK6, pRB, and cyclin-D1, and inhibited the MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Conclusions:
- Rosmanol (RM) demonstrates significant in vitro anti-cancer activity against human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) cells.
- The anti-cancer effects of RM are mediated through the induction of apoptosis, modulation of cell cycle proteins, and inhibition of the MAPKs/NF-κB pathway.
- RM shows promise as a potential conventional chemotherapy agent for preventing NPC progression.
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