Immunotherapy for treatment of female genital tract melanoma: National Cancer Database analysis

Goal of this study was to examine the impact of immunotherapy on overall survival (OS) in patients with female genital tract melanoma (GTM). This retrospective cohort study utilized the National Cancer Database to identify individuals with invasive vulvar or vaginal melanoma diagnosed between 2004 and 2019. Kaplan-Meier plots and multivariate Cox regression were used to describe the impact of immunotherapy on OS and to examine predictors of OS among those who received immunotherapy for those with vulvar or vaginal melanoma. Of the 870 patients with vaginal melanoma, 23.6% received immunotherapy. Receiving immunotherapy for treatment of vaginal melanoma was associated with improved OS (median: 21.8 versus 18.9 months; P  = 0.01); this association remained after adjustment for other prognostic factors [hazard ratio (HR), 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.62-0.95; P  = 0.01]. The survival advantage was more pronounced among those who did not receive primary surgical resection (median: 18.6 versus 12.2 months; P  = 0.0009). Among 3123 patients with vulvar melanoma, 15.3% received immunotherapy. Receiving immunotherapy for treatment of vulvar melanoma was associated with an improvement in OS (median: 43.6 versus 57.7 months; P  = 0.06; HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74-1.00; P  = 0.04). Survival benefit was more pronounced when restricted to patients with advanced or unknown stage disease (median OS, 31.6 versus 24.2 months; P  = 0.002; adjusted HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.61-0.89; P  = 0.002) and among the small subset who did not receive primary surgical resection (median: 19.8 versus 9.6 months; P  = 0.0005). Immunotherapy was associated with improved OS in patients with female GTM, with some subsets particularly benefitting.