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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Measurement of Vibration Detection Threshold and Tactile Spatial Acuity in Human Subjects
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FOCERS: An Ultrasensitive and Robust Soft Optical 3D Tactile Sensor.

Zhengwei Li1,2, Long Cheng1,2, Zeyu Liu1,2

  • 1The authors are with the State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Soft Robotics
|April 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces an ultrasensitive, robust 3D tactile sensor using a novel Foldable Optical Circuit Embedded in Rigid-Soft-coupled (FOCERS) structure. The FOCERS sensor achieves high sensitivity and linearity, enabling precise force detection for advanced human-machine interactions.

Keywords:
3D tactilehuman–machine interactionoptical sensorssoft sensor

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Robotics
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Soft optical sensors offer stability and rapid response but suffer from low sensitivity and large size.
  • Existing optical tactile sensors face limitations in sensitivity, linearity, and robustness, hindering broader applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an ultrasensitive, highly linear, and robust three-dimensional (3D) tactile sensor.
  • To introduce a novel Foldable Optical Circuit Embedded in Rigid-Soft-coupled (FOCERS) structure for enhanced sensor performance.
  • To demonstrate the sensor's capability in detecting minute pressure variations and withstanding extreme forces.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a 3D tactile sensor utilizing a unique rigid-soft-coupled structure.
  • Integration of a foldable optical circuit within the sensor design.
  • Performance evaluation under various pressure conditions, including normal, sheer, and overload scenarios.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high sensitivity: 1228.7 kPa-1 (normal pressure) and 7399.5 kPa-1 (sheer pressure).
  • Demonstrated high linearity (95.3%) and a fast response time (5 ms).
  • The FOCERS structure exhibited exceptional robustness, withstanding 50 times the sensing range and detecting subtle pressure changes.

Conclusions:

  • The FOCERS structure significantly enhances both sensitivity and robustness in optical tactile sensors.
  • This novel sensor design provides a versatile platform for precise force detection in human-machine interfaces.
  • The study offers a convenient method for fabricating advanced 3D tactile sensors.