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Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein MOG35-55 Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis EAE in C57BL/6 Mice
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Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein MOG35-55 Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis EAE in C57BL/6 Mice

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Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated meningoencephalitis without cerebral parenchyma involvement

Ren Changhong1, Liu Ming1, Zhou Anna1

  • 1Department of Neurology, National Center for Children'S Health, Beijing Children'S Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.56, Nan Li Shi Road, Beijing, 100045, China.

European Journal of Pediatrics
|April 2, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Meningoencephalitis without brain involvement is an underrecognized form of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) in children. Early immunotherapy improves outcomes and reduces relapse risk in these MOGAD patients.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Meningoencephalitis with meningeal involvement is a rare phenotype of MOGAD.
  • Previous reports were limited to case studies and small cohorts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze pediatric MOG antibody-associated meningoencephalitis cases without cerebral parenchymal involvement on imaging.
  • To characterize clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, and treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of MOG antibody-positive pediatric patients at Beijing Children's Hospital (2017-2024).
  • Included patients with meningoencephalitis but no parenchymal brain involvement on MRI.
  • Reviewed clinical data, laboratory results, imaging, and treatment responses.

Main Results:

  • Identified 18 pediatric patients (6% of MOGAD cohort) with this phenotype.
  • Common symptoms included fever, headache, and seizures; laboratory findings showed leukocytosis and elevated inflammatory markers.
  • Cranial MRI revealed meningeal enhancement in 14 patients; 4 had negative MRI scans.
  • Fourteen patients responded to immunotherapy after failing antibiotics; 22% experienced relapse, but all achieved good prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • Meningoencephalitis without parenchymal MRI findings is an underrecognized MOGAD phenotype in children.
  • Incorporating this entity into diagnostic criteria and early immunotherapy can improve diagnosis and reduce relapse risk.
Keywords:
Autoimmune encephalitisMRIMeningoencephalitisMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteinPaediatric

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