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Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays
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Factors Associated With Recent HIV Infections Among Newly HIV Diagnosed in Rwanda.

Eric Remera1,2,3, Frédérique Chammartin2, Sabin Nsanzimana4

  • 1Research Innovations and Data Science Division, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999)
|April 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

In Rwanda, 6% of new HIV infections were recent. Interventions targeting young women are recommended to reduce new HIV infections.

Keywords:
HIV-1Rwandapartner notification servicesrecency testing

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Rwanda integrated HIV testing services (HTS) with recency testing, provider-initiated testing, partner notification, and prevention of mother-to-child transmission.
  • This study aimed to characterize the newly diagnosed HIV population in Rwanda using a nationwide cohort.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the characteristics of individuals with recent HIV infections in Rwanda.
  • To identify patient and health center-related predictors of recent HIV infection.

Main Methods:

  • A nationwide cohort study included newly diagnosed HIV-positive individuals aged 15+ who consented to recency testing.
  • Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess predictors of recent HIV infection.

Main Results:

  • Data from 485 health facilities (out of 565) were analyzed, with 8,940 individuals consenting to recency testing between October 2018 and February 2024.
  • 6.0% (537) of individuals were recently infected with HIV.
  • Factors associated with recent infection included female sex, younger age (15-24), residing in southern or northern provinces, and engaging in unprotected sex or sex with a known HIV-positive person within the last 12 months.

Conclusions:

  • Only 6% of newly diagnosed HIV infections were recent, indicating a need for targeted prevention strategies.
  • Public health interventions focused on younger females could help reduce new HIV infections in this demographic.