Geopolymers prepared from industrial solid waste: Comprehensive properties and application prospects.

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Environmental Engineering
• Chemical Engineering

Background:

• Industrial solid waste generation poses environmental challenges.
• Geopolymers offer a sustainable solution for waste valorization.
• Industrial solid waste-based geopolymers (ISWGs) have potential in construction and adsorption.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in ISWG synthesis.
• To analyze the functional properties and formation mechanisms of ISWGs.
• To highlight challenges and future directions for ISWG development.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of synthesis methods for ISWGs.
• Analysis of functional properties including compressive strength, porosity, and water uptake.
• Examination of formation mechanisms in dual (Si+Al) and (Si+Ca) systems.
• Focus on frost behavior during ISWG fabrication.

Main Results:

• ISWGs demonstrate diverse functional attributes suitable for various applications.
• Understanding formation mechanisms in dual systems provides key insights.
• Frost behavior is a critical factor for sustainable ISWG development.
• Key challenges in ISWG composite material development were identified.

Conclusions:

• ISWGs represent a promising route for industrial solid waste recycling.
• Further research is needed to overcome existing challenges in ISWG development.
• Future work should focus on optimizing ISWG properties and sustainable fabrication processes.