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Updated: May 16, 2025

Mechanisms Underlying Gut Hormone Secretion Using the Isolated Perfused Rat Small Intestine
Published on: February 26, 2019
Physiology and clinical applications of GIP
Shunsuke Yamane1, Norio Harada1,2, Nobuya Inagaki1,3
1Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
Abstract:
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is secreted by enteroendocrine K cells, primarily located in the upper small intestine, in response to food intake and plays a significant role in the postprandial regulation of nutrient metabolism. Although the importance of GIP in metabolic regulation has long been recognized, progress in developing GIP as a therapeutic target has been limited. However, the GIP/GIP receptor (GIPR) axis has garnered increasing attention in recent years. Emerging evidence suggests that dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists and triple GIP/GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonists provide beneficial metabolic effects in individuals with type 2 diabetes and obesity. In this review, we outline the physiological roles of GIP, detailing the mechanisms of GIP secretion from K cells in response to macronutrients, its actions on key target organs involved in metabolic regulation, and ongoing developments in its therapeutic applications.
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