Artificial intelligence applied to epilepsy imaging: Current status and future perspectives

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has become an increasingly prominent focus of medical research, significantly impacting epileptology as well. Studies on deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) - the core of AI - have explored their applications in epilepsy imaging, primarily focusing on lesion detection, lateralization and localization of epileptogenic areas, postsurgical outcome prediction and automatic differentiation between people with epilepsy and healthy individuals. Various AI-driven approaches are being investigated across different neuroimaging modalities, with the ultimate goal of integrating these tools into clinical practice to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy. As computing power continues to advance, the development, research integration, and clinical implementation of AI applications are expected to accelerate, making them even more effective and accessible. However, ensuring the safety of patient data will require strict regulatory measures. Despite these challenges, AI represents a transformative opportunity for medicine, particularly in epilepsy neuroimaging. Since ML and DL models thrive on large datasets, fostering collaborations and expanding open-access databases will become increasingly pivotal in the future.