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Second harmonic generation and nonlinear frequency conversion in photonic time-crystals.

Noa Konforty1,2, Moshe-Ishay Cohen1,2, Ohad Segal2,3

  • 1Physics Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.

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This summary is machine-generated.

We discovered enhanced second harmonic generation in photonic time-crystals, even without phase matching. This process shows robust harmonic cascades driven by exponential mode growth from modulation energy.

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Area of Science:

  • Nonlinear optics
  • Materials science
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Photonic time-crystals exhibit time-varying refractive indices.
  • Second harmonic generation (SHG) is a key nonlinear optical process.
  • Phase matching is typically crucial for efficient SHG.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate SHG in photonic time-crystals.
  • Determine the phase matching conditions for SHG.
  • Explore mechanisms for enhanced SHG beyond traditional phase matching.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of nonlinear optical processes.
  • Modeling of light-matter interaction in time-varying photonic structures.
  • Derivation of phase matching conditions.

Main Results:

  • Identified phase matching conditions for SHG in photonic time-crystals.
  • Discovered significant SHG enhancement without phase matching.
  • Observed exponential growth of modes in the momentum gap.
  • Found cascade generation of higher-order harmonics at exponential rates.

Conclusions:

  • Nonlinear processes in photonic time-crystals can overcome traditional limitations.
  • Exponential mode growth provides a robust pathway for enhanced harmonic generation.
  • The observed phenomena are independent of phase matching, resonance, or thresholds.