Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 17, 2025
04:11
Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Hepatitis B Virus Detection
Published on: December 15, 2023
3.0K
Chronic hepatitis B virus infection increases the risk of kidney disease while antiviral therapy for hepatitis B
Kaori L Ito1, Yuqing Zhang1, Biao Li1
1Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA.
BMC Nephrology
|April 2, 2025
Summary
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection significantly increases the risk of developing kidney disease (KD). Early anti-HBV treatment can reduce this risk, highlighting the importance of timely screening and intervention for patients with HBV.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Hepatology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is linked to extrahepatic manifestations, including kidney disease (KD).
- The effect of anti-HBV treatment on the development of KD is not well understood.
- This study investigates the association between HBV, KD, and the impact of antiviral therapy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if HBV infection increases the risk of developing KD.
- To assess if KD development is associated with HBV-related liver disease severity.
- To evaluate if anti-HBV treatment mitigates the risk of KD in HBV patients.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a large US electronic medical record (EMR) database (2006-2020).
- Employed propensity score matching for patient group balancing.
- Applied Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios for KD onset.
Main Results:
- Patients with HBV were over twice as likely to develop KD compared to controls (HR 2.18).
- Concomitant conditions like hypertension, diabetes, or obesity amplified KD risk in HBV patients.
- Anti-HBV treatment was associated with a significantly lower risk of KD (HR 0.61).
Conclusions:
- HBV infection is a contributing factor to the development of kidney disease.
- Early initiation of anti-HBV treatment can decrease the risk of KD.
- Clinicians should consider HBV screening and early treatment, especially in patients with KD risk factors.
Related Concept Videos
01:11Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments
46
In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
46
01:29Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
210
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
210
01:10Retrovirus Life Cycles
45.5K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
45.5K
01:17Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment
37
Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
37
01:33Hormonal Regulation
32.8K
The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
32.8K
01:16Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors
64
The biliary system of the liver, crucial for bile secretion and drug excretion, comprises intrahepatic bile ducts that merge to form the common hepatic duct. This duct, carrying hepatic bile, combines with the cystic duct, draining the gallbladder and forming the common bile duct, which empties into the duodenum. Bile, produced by hepatic cells lining the bile canaliculi, is composed primarily of water, bile salts, pigments, electrolytes, and lesser amounts of cholesterol and fatty acids. Bile...
64