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LncRNAs in oncogenic microenvironment: from threat to therapy

Dipanjan Roy1, Bireswar Bhattacharya1, Rudra Chakravarti1

  • 1Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Kolkata, Kolkata, India.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|April 3, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate cellular processes and are implicated in cancer development and progression. Their dysregulation impacts cell cycles, making them potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein-coding RNA molecules (>200 nucleotides) involved in cellular functions.
  • lncRNAs participate in cellular metabolism, responses, and pathobiological pathways, influencing autophagy, inflammation, and apoptosis.
  • Dysregulation of lncRNA expression is linked to abnormal cellular life cycles and disease development, particularly cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the correlation between the lncRNA transcriptome and fundamental cellular signaling pathways.
  • To explore how lncRNA-mediated crosstalk shapes the oncogenic microenvironment.
  • To highlight the role of lncRNAs in cancer proliferation, progression, and metastasis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on lncRNA function in cellular processes.
  • Analysis of lncRNA involvement in cancer-related pathways like cell growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
  • Examination of lncRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic markers in diseases.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs significantly associate with cell proliferation, regulating DNA replication, repair, and protein synthesis.
  • lncRNA dysregulation promotes cancer development by affecting cell cycle and survival.
  • lncRNAs are involved in cancer growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are crucial regulators of cellular signaling and the oncogenic microenvironment.
  • lncRNAs represent promising therapeutic targets and diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers for cancer.
  • Understanding lncRNA-cancer crosstalk is vital for developing novel treatment strategies.
Keywords:
apoptosiscancercancer therapyinflammationlncRNAtumor microenvironment

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