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Author Spotlight: Optimizing Apoplast Protein Extraction for Efficient Recovery of Recombinant Proteins from Plant Cells
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Plant-made pharmaceuticals.

Noriho Fukuzawa1, Kouki Matsuo1, Go Atsumi1

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Plant-made pharmaceuticals (PMP) offer cost-effective, scalable, and safe production of medicines. Advances in transient expression systems and host engineering in plants like Nicotiana benthamiana are driving PMP innovation.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Plant Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Plant-made pharmaceuticals (PMP) present advantages in cost, scalability, safety, and environmental impact.
  • Early PMP development focused on stable transgenic plants, but transient expression systems, particularly in *Nicotiana benthamiana*, now dominate production.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic spurred further development in plant-based vaccine production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advancements and current trends in plant-made pharmaceuticals production.
  • To highlight the shift towards transient expression systems and their improvements.
  • To discuss future directions for cost-effective and sustainable PMP manufacturing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing *Agrobacterium*-mediated transient expression systems.
  • Employing improved vector systems, including plant virus vectors (full and deconstructed).
  • Implementing host plant engineering (gene silencing knockout, glycan modification) and controlled cultivation (hydroponics, plant factories).

Main Results:

  • Transient expression systems, especially virus vectors, demonstrate higher protein production efficiency compared to conventional methods.
  • Host plant engineering enhances protein yield and improves the resemblance of plant-made proteins to human proteins.
  • Controlled environments like plant factories optimize protein production efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Plant-made pharmaceuticals offer significant advantages and should be more widely adopted.
  • Challenges remain regarding the high initial and operational costs of plant factories.
  • Future research should focus on developing low-cost, sustainable plant factories utilizing renewable energy and circular economy principles.