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Nervous Tissue: Myelin

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The myelin sheath is a multilayered lipid and protein covering that insulates the axon of a neuron, enhancing the speed of nerve impulse conduction. Axons without this sheath are referred to as unmyelinated. Two types of neuroglia, Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for producing myelin sheaths.
Schwann cells begin to form myelin sheaths around axons during fetal development. They wrap around a small...

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Central Nervous System Demyelination in Paediatric Pars Planitis.

Ismail Solmaz¹, Yasemin Özdamar Erol², Bahadır Konuşkan¹

¹Department of Paediatric Neurology, Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye.

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation

|April 3, 2025

Summary

In children, pars planitis (PP) is associated with central nervous system (CNS) demyelination in 7.7% of cases, often without neurological symptoms. Awareness of silent demyelination is crucial for planning anti-inflammatory treatment in pediatric PP patients.

Keywords:

Demyelination multiple sclerosis paediatric pars planitis uveitis

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Rat Model of Widespread Cerebral Cortical Demyelination Induced by an Intracerebral Injection of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines

Published on: September 21, 2021

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Neurology
Pediatrics

Background:

Intermediate uveitis (IU) can be secondary to systemic autoinflammatory disorders.
Pars planitis (PP) is an idiopathic form of IU without a known systemic cause.
The link between pediatric PP and CNS demyelination is not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the coexistence of PP and CNS demyelinating pathologies in children.
To determine the frequency of CNS demyelination in pediatric PP patients.
To assess the clinical presentation of pediatric PP with CNS demyelination.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of clinical and brain MRI data from 65 pediatric PP patients.
Evaluation of demyelinating lesions on brain MRI.
Review of patient's neurological symptoms and examination findings.
Analysis of immunomodulatory treatment strategies.

Main Results:

Demyelinating lesions were identified in 7.7% (5/65) of pediatric PP patients.
None of the affected patients reported neurological symptoms or had abnormal neurological examinations.
Treatment adjustments, including stopping adalimumab (ADA), were made based on MRI findings.

Conclusions:

CNS demyelination occurs in pediatric PP patients at a rate comparable to adults.
Clinicians should consider the possibility of silent CNS demyelination in pediatric PP.
Treatment planning for pediatric PP should account for potential demyelinating lesions.