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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
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IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

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When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0%...
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IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Amount of IR-Active Bonds00:55

IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Amount of IR-Active Bonds

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When infrared radiation is passed through a molecule, absorption occurs if the molecule's vibration leads to a substantial change in its bond dipole moment. Transitions between vibrational energy levels, typically corresponding to infrared frequencies (4000–400 cm−1), allow absorption if the vibration significantly alters the dipole moment, making the molecule infrared active. The molecular bonds have different stretching and bending vibrations, resulting in various peaks with...
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IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones01:29

IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones

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Infrared spectroscopy, also known as vibrational spectroscopy, is mainly used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups in molecules. In aldehydes and ketones, the carbonyl (C=O) bond shows an absorption around 1710 cm-1. The C=O bond vibration of an aldehyde occurs at lower frequencies than that of a ketone. In addition to the C=O absorption in an aldehyde, the aldehydic C–H bond also gives two peaks in the 2700–2800 cm-1 range. This absorption, coupled with the...
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IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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High-definition Fourier Transform Infrared FT-IR Spectroscopic Imaging of Human Tissue Sections towards Improving Pathology
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Low-Ir-Content Ir0.10Mn0.90O2 Solid Solution for Highly Active Oxygen Evolution in Acid Media.

Hongyan Hu1, Shilong Liu1, Hongfei Sun1

  • 1Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Ministry of Education), Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|April 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study engineered a novel Iridium-Manganese oxide catalyst (Ir0.10Mn0.90O2) for efficient oxygen evolution reactions in water electrolysis. The new material significantly enhances catalytic activity and stability while reducing iridium content.

Keywords:
MnO2OER in acidic mediaelectrocatalysislow‐iridium‐content catalystsolid solution

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Iridium (Ir)-based materials are crucial electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE).
  • High cost and limited activity of current Ir-based catalysts hinder commercialization.
  • Optimizing Ir atom utilization efficiency is critical for developing cost-effective OER catalysts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a rutile-structured solid solution catalyst with minimal Ir content for enhanced OER performance.
  • To identify the optimal Ir content through phase boundary analysis in the IrO2-MnO2 system.
  • To investigate the catalytic activity and stability of the developed Ir-based catalyst in acidic electrolytes.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a rutile-structured IrO2-MnO2 solid solution with minimal Ir content (Ir0.10Mn0.90O2).
  • Electrochemical evaluation of OER performance in acidic electrolytes, including mass activity measurements.
  • Long-term stability testing during proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) operations.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations to elucidate the catalytic mechanism.

Main Results:

  • The Ir0.10Mn0.90O2 catalyst achieved a mass activity of 1135 A g-1Ir at 300 mV overpotential, approximately 50 times higher than commercial IrO2.
  • Demonstrated excellent stability, operating at 200 mA cm-2 for 120 hours in PEMWE.
  • DFT calculations revealed that electron-withdrawing effects on Ir sites promote hydroxylation, enhancing OER activity.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Ir0.10Mn0.90O2 solid solution catalyst offers superior OER performance and stability compared to commercial IrO2.
  • This material represents a significant advancement in reducing Ir content for cost-effective water electrolysis.
  • The findings provide a pathway for designing highly active and stable electrocatalysts for clean energy applications.