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Pressure Distribution Properties in Wound Dressings Using Heel and Sacrum Indenters Under Clinically Relevant Loads
Sandra Guzman1, Kasey Call, Marianne Russon
1Sandra Guzman, PhD, is Senior Test Engineer, EC-Service Inc., Centerville, Utah, USA; Kasey Call, BS, is Study Director, EC-Service Inc.; Marianne Russon, BA, is Quality Manager, EC-Service Inc.; Susan Jellum, MSN, APRN, FNP-C, is Human Subject Research, EC-Service Inc.; Jordan Fisk, MSc, is Senior Design Scientist, Convatec Ltd., Deeside, Flintshire, UK; and Evan Call, MS, CSM (NRM), is Faculty, Weber State University, Ogden, Utah.
Advances in Skin & Wound Care
|April 3, 2025
Summary
New foam dressings (A and B) significantly reduced interface pressure compared to existing options, showing potential for pressure redistribution in vulnerable areas.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Materials Science
- Wound Care Technology
Background:
- Pressure ulcers remain a significant clinical challenge, necessitating advanced dressing technologies for effective prevention and management.
- Current dressings vary in their ability to redistribute pressure, impacting their efficacy in protecting vulnerable skin.
- Understanding the pressure distribution characteristics of novel dressings is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the pressure distribution characteristics of two next-generation multilayered foam dressings (A and B) against three commercially available dressings (C, D, and E).
- To compare the performance of these dressings under clinically relevant pressures using a novel pressure distribution model.
- To identify dressings with superior pressure redistribution capabilities for potential use in high-risk areas.
Main Methods:
- A novel pressure distribution model was employed, simulating overlying tissue with a silicone layer on a K45 foam support.
- High-resolution pressure mapping assessed dressings under clinically relevant loads (30 and 80 mm Hg) for 60 seconds.
- Anatomically accurate sacral and heel indenters were used, with statistical significance determined by 95% CI and t test (α = .05).
Main Results:
- All tested dressings reduced interface pressure and increased contact area compared to a no-dressing control (P < 0.05).
- Dressings A and B demonstrated lower peak pressures than dressings C and E across both indenters.
- Dressings D and B exhibited the largest contact areas and lowest pressures on heel indenters, while dressing E showed the smallest contact area and highest pressures.
Conclusions:
- Next-generation dressings A and B significantly reduced interface pressure, indicating potential benefits for pressure redistribution in vulnerable populations.
- A strong negative correlation was observed between average pressure and contact area, highlighting the importance of surface area for pressure management.
- Further clinical research is recommended to validate these findings across diverse healthcare settings and patient populations.
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