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Incidence and Risk Factors for Metabolic Bone Disease of Prematurity in Indian Infants: A Prospective Observational

S B Mithun Krishna1, Jitendra Meena2, Jogender Kumar3

  • 1Neonatal Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.

Indian Pediatrics
|April 3, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Nearly 40% of preterm infants experienced moderate-to-severe metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBDP). Lower birth weight was a significant risk factor for severe MBDP in this cohort.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBDP) is a significant concern in extremely preterm infants.
  • Early identification and management are crucial to prevent long-term skeletal complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of moderate-to-severe MBDP in preterm infants.
  • To identify risk factors associated with MBDP in this vulnerable population.

Main Methods:

  • Serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase levels were used to screen infants born at ≤ 33 weeks' gestation.
  • Screening occurred from 3-6 weeks of age, repeated as needed up to three months corrected age.
  • Infant feeding, nutrient supplementation, and morbidity data were analyzed and compared between infants with and without MBDP.

Main Results:

  • The study included 153 preterm infants.
  • A total of 22 infants (14.4%) had moderate MBDP, and 28 infants (18.3%) had severe MBDP.
  • Lower birth weight was found to be an independent risk factor for severe MBDP (P=0.009).

Conclusions:

  • Approximately 40% of the preterm infants in the study cohort presented with moderate-to-severe MBDP.
  • Lower birth weight is a key predictor for developing severe MBDP.
  • These findings highlight the high prevalence of MBDP and the need for targeted interventions in preterm infants.
Abstract

Keywords:
Bone mineral densityDual-energy X-ray absorptiometryOsteopenia of prematurityPrematurityQuantitative ultrasound

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