Host ZAP activity correlates with the levels of CpG suppression in primate lentiviruses
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View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP) normally suppresses viral CpG dinucleotides. However, specific monkey ZAP variants exhibit reduced activity, leading to higher CpG levels in simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) and potentially impacting host genomes.
Area Of Science
- Virology
- Immunology
- Genomics
Background
- Zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP) is implicated in suppressing viral CpG dinucleotides to resemble host genomes.
- In vivo evidence supporting ZAP's role in CpG suppression is limited.
- Unusually high CpG levels in SIVmus and SIVmon from Cercopithecus monkeys warrant investigation.
Purpose Of The Study
- To investigate the reasons for elevated CpG levels in SIVmus and SIVmon.
- To determine if ZAP activity is responsible for CpG suppression in these viruses.
- To explore the impact of ZAP isoform variation on viral CpG content and host genome suppression.
Main Methods
- Comparative analysis of ZAP isoforms in different primate species.
- Investigation of SIVmus resistance to ZAP inhibition.
- Assessment of CpG levels in viral and host genomes.
Main Results
- SIVmus is not resistant to ZAP inhibition; Cercopithecus monkey hosts express a poorly active XL ZAP isoform due to a splice site mutation.
- Higher CpG levels in endogenous prosimian lentiviruses correlate with low activity of lemur ZAPs.
- Lemur genes exhibit reduced CpG suppression compared to other primates.
Conclusions
- Host ZAP isoform activity significantly influences viral CpG dinucleotide content.
- Antiviral activity of ZAP may affect both viral transcripts and host genomes.
- ZAP's role in CpG suppression is more complex and host-dependent than previously assumed.
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