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Canolol Alleviates Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer by Inhibiting p38 MAPK/NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathway

Congcong Ma1,2, Li Zhang3,4, Qingde Huang1,2

  • 1Department of Nutriology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|April 3, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Canolol, a compound from rapeseed oil, protects against stomach ulcers in rats. It reduces inflammation, boosts antioxidants, and prevents cell death by inhibiting key signaling pathways.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Pharmacology
  • Natural Product Chemistry

Background:

  • Gastric ulcers (GU) are a widespread global health issue.
  • Ethanol consumption is a significant risk factor for developing gastric ulcers.
  • Natural compounds offer potential therapeutic avenues for digestive disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the gastroprotective effects of canolol against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in a rat model.
  • To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of canolol's protective action.

Main Methods:

  • Ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats.
  • Assessment of gastric mucosal damage (ulcer index, histopathology).
  • Measurement of gastric wall mucus, NP-SH, heat shock protein 70, and mucosal blood flow.
  • Quantification of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines.
  • Evaluation of antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GPx) and glutathione (GSH) levels.
  • Assessment of apoptosis markers (TUNEL, BAX, caspase-3).
  • Analysis of signaling pathway activation (p38 MAPK, NF-κB, NLRP3).

Main Results:

  • Canolol pretreatment significantly reduced gastric ulcer index and improved histopathological scores.
  • Canolol counteracted ethanol-induced disruption of mucosal defense mechanisms.
  • Canolol alleviated gastric inflammation by modulating cytokine profiles and myeloperoxidase activity.
  • Canolol enhanced antioxidant capacity and mitigated oxidative stress.
  • Canolol suppressed ethanol-induced apoptosis in gastric mucosa.
  • Canolol inhibited the p38 MAPK/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Conclusions:

  • Canolol exhibits significant gastroprotective effects against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats.
  • Canolol exerts its protective effects by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.
  • The mechanism involves the inhibition of the p38 MAPK/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, highlighting its therapeutic potential.
Keywords:
ApoptosisCanololGastric mucosal defense systemsGastric ulcerInflammationOxidative stressp38 MAPK/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway

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