Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 16, 2025
Modeling Chemotherapy Resistant Leukemia In Vitro
Published on: February 9, 2016
NLRs in tumor chemotherapy resistance: A double-edged sword
Lili Sun1, Yanmei Zhu2, Yuan Yuan3
1Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University (Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute), Shenyang, 110042, China; Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
Abstract:
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are a numerous family of cytoplasmic proteins. Members of this family not only function as innate immune sensors, but also serve as transcriptional regulators of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) genes to activate adaptive immunity. Furthermore, NLRs are involved in mediating various signaling pathways, including the inflammasome. To date, extensive research has been conducted on the contradictory roles and mechanisms of NLRs in the occurrence, development, invasion, and metastasis of tumors within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The double-edged sword effect (either positive or negative role) of NLRs in the treatment of malignant tumors has attracted increasing attention in recent years, making these a promising bidirectional therapeutic target for such tumors. Rational utilization of the double-edged sword nature of NLRs can provide a feasible solution for improving the efficacy of malignant tumor treatment and overcoming chemotherapy resistance. This article provides a systematic review of the influence of the NLR family on chemosensitivity in different malignant tumors and the regulatory mechanisms of their upstream and downstream signaling pathways. In doing do, we aim to elucidate the dual role of NLRs in promoting and combating tumor chemotherapy resistance, and elucidate their application value in tumor chemotherapy resistance.
Insights
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) act as a double-edged sword in cancer, influencing tumor growth and chemotherapy resistance. Understanding NLRs offers a promising therapeutic target for improving cancer treatment efficacy.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
- Oncology
Background:
- Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are cytoplasmic proteins crucial for innate immunity and adaptive immune activation.
- NLRs regulate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II genes and are involved in inflammasome signaling pathways.
- The dual role of NLRs in tumor progression, metastasis, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a significant area of research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the influence of the NLR family on chemosensitivity across various malignant tumors.
- To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of NLRs' upstream and downstream signaling pathways in cancer.
- To explore the application value of NLRs as a bidirectional therapeutic target for overcoming chemotherapy resistance.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review focusing on NLRs and cancer chemosensitivity.
- Analysis of NLRs' roles in tumor development, invasion, and metastasis within the TME.
- Investigation of signaling pathways modulated by NLRs in the context of chemotherapy resistance.
Main Results:
- NLRs exhibit a "double-edged sword" effect, potentially promoting or inhibiting tumor growth and chemotherapy resistance.
- NLRs significantly influence the efficacy of various chemotherapy treatments.
- Specific NLRs and their associated pathways can be targeted to modulate chemosensitivity.
Conclusions:
- NLRs represent a promising, yet complex, bidirectional therapeutic target for malignant tumors.
- Targeting NLRs offers a potential strategy to enhance chemotherapy efficacy and overcome drug resistance.
- Further research into NLRs' precise roles and regulatory mechanisms is vital for clinical application.
More Related Videos
07:59Author Spotlight: Advancements in Molecular Biomarker Testing for Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Published on: September 8, 2023
06:51Utilizing 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging and Quantitative Histology to Measure Dynamic Changes in the Glucose Metabolism in Mouse Models of Lung Cancer
Published on: July 21, 2018
Related Concept Videos
02:56Treatment Resistant Cancers
02:57Targeted Cancer Therapies
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
02:50Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
02:40Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
02:49Cancer Therapies
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
01:28Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists