Dientamoeba fragilis: An emerging pathogen

Dientamoeba fragilis is a protozoan of the gastrointestinal tract, very prevalent in our environment and responsible for diverse clinical symptoms mainly abdominal pain, diarrhoea and eosinophilia, although some infected patients are asymptomatic. Since the first description just a century ago, there are many unanswered questions: its different morphologies and the role of each of them, its actual prevalence, the mode of transmission, its pathogenicity, or the treatment of choice, continue to be source of controversy. Risk factors associated with infection by D. fragilis are: contact with children, residence in a rural area, and co-infection by Enterobius vermicularis. New molecular diagnostic techniques in the form of commercial multi-diagnostic panels are now considered first choice techniques. Paromomycin show higher cure rates, than metronidazole.