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Related Concept Videos

Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
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Regulation of Hormone Secretion01:19

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Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Feedback Loops01:01

Feedback Loops

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In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.
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Hormones of the Pituitary Gland01:27

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The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
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Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

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The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
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Updated: May 21, 2025

Comparative Analysis of Human Growth Hormone in Serum Using SPRi, Nano-SPRi and ELISA Assays
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Biorhythm-mimicking growth hormone patch.

Jinpeng Han1, Zhaoyuan Wu2, Shumin Zhan2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Nature Materials
|April 3, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel microneedle patch delivers growth hormone at night, mimicking natural rhythms. This biorhythm-inspired approach enhances bone growth more effectively than daily injections.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Pharmacology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Drug efficacy and side effects are influenced by dosing timing.
  • Synchronizing drug release with the body's natural rhythms is crucial for optimal therapeutic outcomes.
  • Current drug delivery systems struggle to mimic biological rhythms effectively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a biorhythm-inspired transdermal microneedle patch for growth hormone delivery.
  • To create a multistage drug release system that mimics nocturnal growth hormone secretion patterns.
  • To compare the efficacy of the microneedle patch with daily subcutaneous injections.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a transdermal microneedle patch with programmed multistage drug release (burst and delayed modules).
  • The patch was engineered to mimic the natural circadian rhythm of human growth hormone secretion.
  • Tested the patch's efficacy in promoting longitudinal bone growth and improving bone quality in rat models and growth hormone gene knockout mice.

Main Results:

  • The microneedle patch demonstrated enhanced efficacy in longitudinal bone growth compared to daily injections.
  • Significant bone length increases were observed in healthy rats (~10 mm) and growth hormone gene knockout mice (~5 mm).
  • The biorhythm-mimicking release pattern improved growth hormone bioavailability and boosted insulin-like growth factor-1 secretion.

Conclusions:

  • A biorhythm-inspired microneedle patch offers a more effective approach to growth hormone therapy.
  • This novel delivery system successfully mimics natural hormone secretion patterns, enhancing therapeutic benefits.
  • The findings support the potential of chronopharmacology in improving treatment outcomes for growth-related disorders.