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Hand hygiene01:23

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Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
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Genomic and Transcriptomic Adaptation to Chlorhexidine in Streptococcus spp.

B Daller1, D L Auer2, W Buchalla2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) adaptation in Streptococcus species involves genetic mutations and altered gene expression, potentially contributing to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Further research is needed to understand and mitigate these risks in clinical dental practice.

Keywords:
Streptococcusadaptive mutationchlorhexidine digluconategenomeoralresistancetranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Genomics
  • Antimicrobial Resistance Research
  • Dental Antiseptics and Public Health

Background:

  • Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) is a common antiseptic in dentistry.
  • The risk of CHX contributing to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is not fully understood.
  • Investigating CHX adaptation mechanisms in oral bacteria is crucial for assessing AMR potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the genomic and transcriptomic adaptations of Streptococcus species to CHX.
  • To identify specific genes and pathways involved in CHX resistance.
  • To assess the potential link between CHX use and the development of AMR.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic and transcriptomic analyses of three clinical Streptococcus isolates (S. salivarius, S. mitis, S. vestibularis) and their CHX-adapted counterparts.
  • Identification of mutations and gene expression changes under CHX exposure.
  • Comparative analysis of conserved and species-specific adaptation mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Genomic analysis revealed mutations in genes related to membrane structure, DNA repair, and metabolism, potentially conferring CHX resistance.
  • CHX-adapted strains constitutively expressed stress response, DNA repair, and cell surface restructuring genes.
  • Species-specific adaptations were observed, including changes in metabolic pathways and transport systems, with S. mitis showing an acute CHX response.

Conclusions:

  • CHX adaptation in Streptococcus species is complex, involving both genetic mutations and significant transcriptomic shifts.
  • Constitutive expression of stress and resistance-associated genes suggests a pre-adaptation state.
  • Findings highlight the need for further investigation into CHX's role in AMR development and clinical implications.