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Updated: May 2, 2026

Protocols for Implementing an Escherichia coli Based TX-TL Cell-Free Expression System for Synthetic Biology
Published on: September 16, 2013
Optimization and Application of the Purified Cell-Free System
Chao Liao1,2, Hengrun Li1,2, Haotian Zheng1,2
1State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Abstract:
Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) is extensively applied in biotechnological research. Unlike the lysate-based CFPS system, the alternative purified cell-free system, protein synthesis using recombinant elements (PURE), has garnered a great attention due to its controllability and flexibility of adjusting individual component for in vitro transcription and translation research. The PURE system has been widely studied in the synthetic biological field, and optimized for its application in prototyping research, non-canonical amino acid incorporation and synthetic cell construction. Herein, the recent optimization strategies for a simple and enhanced PURE system are discussed. In addition, the recent application via the PURE system and the current challenges for the development of a more robust and controllable PURE are highlighted.
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