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HIV in Eswatini: Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Strategies
Neliswa P Mkhatshwa1, Wisdom Mdumiseni Dlamini2, Angelle Desiree LaBeaud3
1Wits School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Current Tropical Medicine Reports
|April 4, 2025
Summary
Climate change exacerbates the HIV crisis in Eswatini. Changing weather patterns impact livelihoods, increasing HIV transmission risk and disrupting care for children and adults.
Area of Science:
- Environmental health
- Public health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Eswatini faces a dual crisis of HIV and climate change, leading to adverse health outcomes.
- Climate change does not directly affect HIV biology but impacts socio-economic factors crucial for health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the effects of climate change on HIV transmission and care in Eswatini.
- To identify adaptation strategies for mitigating these impacts.
Main Methods:
- Literature review on climate change impacts and HIV in Eswatini.
- Analysis of pathways linking climate-driven factors to HIV transmission and care disruption.
Main Results:
- Drought, food insecurity, and poverty are key links between climate change and HIV.
- Increased frequency of extreme weather events like heat waves, floods, and storms pose additional risks.
Conclusions:
- Climate change significantly threatens HIV prevention and treatment efforts in Eswatini.
- Adaptation strategies are crucial to protect vulnerable populations and maintain HIV care services.
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