The multifaceted therapeutic properties of camel milk: from neuroprotection to anti-cancer effects

Camel milk (CM) from dromedary and bactrian camels is notable for its exceptional nutritional and therapeutic properties. Rich in essential nutrients, CM has been used for centuries in regions like the Middle East and Africa to address illnesses. CM composition makes it easily digestible. However, processing challenges such as poor milk stability and weak curd formation hinder its broader commercial adoption. Recent advancements, including optimized heat treatments, enzymatic innovations, and tailored dairy processing techniques, offer promising solutions. Additionally, CM composition, which closely resembles human milk and contains bioactive compounds, positions it as a suitable alternative for individuals with specific dietary needs. While its allergenic potential remains low compared to bovine milk, rare cases of CM allergy have been reported. Its rich composition of bioactive compounds and antioxidants has been studied across various conditions. CM anti-cancer potential, CM supplementation has shown to improve cardiovascular health, thus improving overall metabolic health. Collectively, these findings underscore the multifaceted therapeutic potential of camel milk in various health conditions, warranting further research and clinical application. This review explores CM growing market, regulatory landscape, nutritional and therapeutic potential, and strategies to enhance its commercial viability, emphasizing its expanding role in global health and nutrition.