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Large Inversions Shape Diversification and Genome Evolution in Common Quails.

Sara Ravagni1,2, Santiago Montero-Mendieta3, Jennifer A Leonard1

  • 1Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics Group, Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain.

Molecular Ecology
|April 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Large chromosomal inversions in the common quail (Coturnix coturnix) shape genome evolution and drive adaptation. These inversions, particularly on chromosome 1, create distinct populations and accelerate functional variation, aiding local adaptation.

Keywords:
Coturnix coturnixchromosomal rearrangementsgenome evolutionnonsynonymous variationpopulation diversificationrecombination suppression

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics
  • Population Genetics

Background:

  • Chromosomal inversions are key drivers of genome evolution and adaptation by suppressing recombination.
  • A large inversion on chromosome 1 in the common quail (Coturnix coturnix) is associated with distinct phenotypes and geographic distribution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the previously identified chromosome 1 inversion in common quail using a new de novo genome assembly.
  • To identify and characterize additional ancient structural variations within the common quail genome.
  • To investigate the evolutionary impact of these large-scale chromosomal rearrangements on population structure and adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • De novo genome assembly of the common quail (Coturnix coturnix).
  • Characterization of structural variations, including inversions, on chromosomes 1 and 2.
  • Analysis of haplotype divergence, effective population size, and selection pressures (dN/dS ratios) within inversion regions.

Main Results:

  • A massive inversion on chromosome 1 and ancient structural variation (likely inversions) on chromosome 2 were characterized, encompassing 15.6% of the quail genome.
  • These inversions created highly divergent haplotypes with divergence over a million years ago.
  • The chromosome 1 inversion is linked to phenotypic differences (morphology, migration), while chromosome 2 inversions show no such association; both regions exhibit reduced effective population size and relaxed purifying selection.

Conclusions:

  • Large chromosomal rearrangements, particularly the chromosome 1 inversion, act as significant genomic compartments, fostering distinct evolutionary trajectories within the highly mobile common quail.
  • Inversions accelerate the accumulation of functional variation and may contribute to local adaptation, especially in isolated populations.
  • Structural variation plays a crucial role in shaping the genome and driving diversification in mobile species.