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Related Concept Videos

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

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A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
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Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

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A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
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Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

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DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
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Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

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Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component...
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Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

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Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins...
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Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

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Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

A Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
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[Intraspinal subdural hematoma after polytrauma].

Andreas Termer1, Markus Klebingat2, Philip Gierer2

  • 1Abteilung für Unfall‑, Wiederherstellungs- und Handchirurgie, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden Standort Friedrichstadt, Friedrichstraße 41, 01067, Dresden, Deutschland. andreas.termer@klinikum-dresden.de.

Unfallchirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany)
|April 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A rare spinal subdural hematoma caused severe sensorimotor deficits in a polytrauma patient. Despite immediate decompression, symptoms persisted, highlighting the condition's serious consequences.

Keywords:
DecompressionIntraspinal subdural hematomaNeurological examinationPolytraumaSpine

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Trauma Surgery
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Polytrauma patients present complex injuries requiring comprehensive evaluation.
  • Spinal injuries can lead to significant neurological deficits.
  • Spinal subdural hematoma is an uncommon but critical condition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of spinal subdural hematoma in a polytrauma patient.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and clinical course of this rare condition.

Main Methods:

  • Computed tomography (CT) for initial polytrauma assessment.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detailed spinal evaluation.
  • Surgical decompression for spinal canal stenosis.

Main Results:

  • Patient sustained complex trunk and extremity injuries with stable spinal fractures.
  • Persistent sensorimotor deficit in lower extremities post-extubation.
  • MRI revealed intraspinal subdural hemorrhage causing absolute spinal canal stenosis.
  • Surgical decompression yielded no improvement in neurological deficits.

Conclusions:

  • Spinal subdural hematoma can occur in polytrauma, leading to severe neurological impairment.
  • Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial, though outcomes can be poor.
  • This case underscores the importance of considering rare spinal pathologies in polytrauma management.