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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Lung-resident memory CD4+ T cells are dependent on Batf3.

Antonio M Patterson1, Hideki Nakano1, Gregory S Whitehead1

  • 1Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|April 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Batf3 is crucial for developing allergen-specific CD4+ T cells in the lungs. Its absence reduces allergic asthma responses, highlighting Batf3

Keywords:
Batf3T resident memorylung

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy Research
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Tissue-resident memory T cells drive allergic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in the lungs.
  • The cellular and molecular mechanisms governing lung T cell accumulation remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the transcription factor Batf3 in the development of lung-resident CD4+ T cells.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which Batf3 influences allergic responses to inhaled allergens.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Batf3-deficient mice to study the impact on T cell populations and allergic asthma models.
  • Employed single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze lung T cell subsets in Batf3-deficient and wild-type mice.

Main Results:

  • Batf3-deficient mice showed a near absence of allergen-specific CD4+ resident memory T cells in the lungs.
  • These mice exhibited reduced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a long-term asthma model.
  • A specific subset of lung-resident CD4+ T cells expressing Cxcr6 was found to be dependent on Batf3.

Conclusions:

  • Batf3 is essential for the development of CD4+ resident memory T cells in the lung.
  • Batf3-dependent CD4+ resident memory T cells play a significant role in mediating allergic responses to inhaled allergens.