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Adaptive Optics in Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Systematic Review.

Andrew Mihalache1, Ryan S Huang1, Justin Grad2

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Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) eyes exhibit decreased cone density and regularity, with wider spacing, compared to healthy eyes. Further research is needed to standardize adaptive optics imaging (AOI) in RP studies.

Keywords:
adaptive opticsretinitis pigmentosa

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Retinal Imaging
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited retinal diseases causing progressive vision loss.
  • Adaptive optics imaging (AOI) allows for in vivo visualization of retinal microstructure, including photoreceptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review quantitative photoreceptor parameters obtained via AOI in retinitis pigmentosa (RP).
  • To summarize findings on cone density, regularity, and spacing in RP patients using AOI.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of Ovid Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library (Jan 2000 - June 2023).
  • Inclusion of studies reporting quantitative photoreceptor measurements from AOI in RP.
  • Primary outcomes: cone density, regularity, and spacing at various eccentricities.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-six studies (299 eyes) with RP analyzed.
  • RP eyes showed reduced cone density and regularity compared to controls.
  • Increased cone spacing was observed in RP eyes relative to controls.

Conclusions:

  • RP is characterized by altered photoreceptor structure (density, regularity, spacing) detectable by AOI.
  • Significant variability exists in AOI parameter reporting for RP.
  • Standardized AOI protocols and age-matched control data are needed for RP research.