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Psychological Factors Influencing Appropriate Reliance on AI-enabled Clinical Decision Support Systems: Experimental
Alisa Küper1, Georg Christian Lodde2, Elisabeth Livingstone2
1Social Psychology: Media and Communication, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany.
Journal of Medical Internet Research
|April 4, 2025
Summary
Physicians showed improved accuracy with AI support, but reliance on AI was low, with high self-reliance. Trust in technology and experience influenced AI reliance, indicating a need for tailored AI system design.
Area of Science:
- Medical Decision Support Systems
- Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
- Human-Computer Interaction
Background:
- Artificial intelligence (AI) decision support systems are vital in medicine but require human oversight due to imperfect reliability.
- Physician reliance on AI varies based on psychological factors and experience.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate psychological factors affecting trust and reliance on medical AI advice.
- To assess appropriateness of reliance by examining relative AI reliance and self-reliance.
Main Methods:
- Survey of 223 dermatologists involving lesion image classification tasks.
- Validated questionnaires assessed trust, technology propensity, control beliefs, need for cognition, experience, and confidence.
Main Results:
- AI support improved accuracy by 1% (P<.001).
- Reliance on AI was higher for correct advice (P<.001).
- Mean relative AI reliance was 10.04%, while self-reliance was 85.6%. Propensity to trust technology and medical experience influenced AI reliance.
Conclusions:
- AI systems should be designed to help users with high trust in technology identify AI errors.
- Experienced physicians should be encouraged to critically engage with AI recommendations.
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