Diet-microbiome interactions in cancer

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Microbiology
• Nutrition Science

Background:

• Dietary components modulate gut commensals, influencing tumor development, spread, and treatment outcomes.
• Current cancer prevention and treatment often overlook the crucial role of diet-microbiome interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore how dietary composition and timing affect cancer via microbiome modulation.
• To review current and emerging nutritional strategies for enhancing microbiome-mediated cancer therapy.
• To address challenges and opportunities in integrating diet-microbiome insights into precision oncology.

Main Methods:

• Review of scientific literature on diet, microbiome, and cancer.
• Analysis of mechanisms linking nutrients, microbial function, and cancer processes.
• Examination of dietary timing interventions like time-restricted feeding.

Main Results:

• Specific nutrients and foods alter the microbiome, impacting cancer progression.
• Dietary timing, such as time-restricted feeding, influences microbial activity relevant to cancer therapy.
• Nutritional interventions can potentially enhance cancer treatment response by targeting the microbiome.

Conclusions:

• Mechanistic understanding of diet-microbiome-host interactions is essential for personalized cancer nutrition.
• Integrating microbiome data into nutritional strategies can optimize cancer prevention and treatment.
• Future research should focus on data-driven, microbiome-informed nutritional interventions in oncology.