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Updated: May 16, 2025

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Diet-microbiome interactions in cancer.

Suhaib K Abdeen1, Ignacio Mastandrea2, Nina Stinchcombe3

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Diet significantly influences cancer through the gut microbiome. Understanding these diet-microbiome-host interactions is key for developing personalized nutrition strategies to improve cancer treatment and prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Microbiology
  • Nutrition Science

Background:

  • Dietary components modulate gut commensals, influencing tumor development, spread, and treatment outcomes.
  • Current cancer prevention and treatment often overlook the crucial role of diet-microbiome interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how dietary composition and timing affect cancer via microbiome modulation.
  • To review current and emerging nutritional strategies for enhancing microbiome-mediated cancer therapy.
  • To address challenges and opportunities in integrating diet-microbiome insights into precision oncology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on diet, microbiome, and cancer.
  • Analysis of mechanisms linking nutrients, microbial function, and cancer processes.
  • Examination of dietary timing interventions like time-restricted feeding.

Main Results:

  • Specific nutrients and foods alter the microbiome, impacting cancer progression.
  • Dietary timing, such as time-restricted feeding, influences microbial activity relevant to cancer therapy.
  • Nutritional interventions can potentially enhance cancer treatment response by targeting the microbiome.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanistic understanding of diet-microbiome-host interactions is essential for personalized cancer nutrition.
  • Integrating microbiome data into nutritional strategies can optimize cancer prevention and treatment.
  • Future research should focus on data-driven, microbiome-informed nutritional interventions in oncology.