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Updated: May 17, 2025
High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes
Published on: March 24, 2015
Autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons remain a significant risk factor for critical COVID-19 pneumonia in
Arnau Antolí1, José Luis Gómez-Vázquez2, Angels Sierra-Fortuny3
1Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Adult Primary Immunodeficiency Unit (UFIPA), Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Background:
Neutralizing autoantibodies against type I interferons were strongly linked to severe COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients; however, this has yet to be evaluated in vaccinated individuals.
Objective:
To analyze how these autoantibodies influences disease variability in vaccine breakthrough COVID-19 pneumonia patients.
Methods:
Clinical and laboratory data; autoantibodies blocking interferon-α2 and -ω; and humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were collected from all vaccinated COVID-19 pneumonia patients admitted from April 2021 to December 2022 at Bellvitge University Hospital, Spain.
Results:
458 patients developed COVID-19 pneumonia despite an appropriate antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Autoantibodies neutralizing interferons were significantly more prevalent in patients with critical pneumonia compared to those with milder forms (8.8 % vs. 3.6 %; p = 0.037). Having these autoantibodies was an independent predictor for critical COVID-19 pneumonia (OR 2.88 [95 %CI 1.18-6.98]).
Conclusion:
Vaccination considerably reduces the severity of COVID-19; however, patients with type I interferon autoantibodies remain at increased risk of severe disease.
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