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Exploring the Effect on Pharmacy Students' Empathy Following a Simulation Using 360-Degree Video.

Denise Romano¹, Sarah Lynch¹, Thomas Komor¹

¹Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA.

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

|April 4, 2025

Summary

Virtual reality 360-degree video simulations did not significantly change empathy scores in pharmacy students. However, qualitative feedback revealed students recognized the importance of patient-centered care and communication.

Keywords:

360-Degree video Empathy Pharmacy students Simulation Virtual reality

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Area of Science:

Pharmacy Education
Medical Simulation
Empathy Development

Background:

Empathy is crucial for effective patient care in pharmacy.
Innovative simulation methods are needed to enhance empathy in healthcare students.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of a virtual reality (VR) 360-degree video simulation on pharmacy students' empathy.
To assess changes in empathy using quantitative and qualitative measures.

Main Methods:

First-year pharmacy students experienced a 4-minute VR 360-degree video simulation from a patient's perspective.
Empathy was measured using the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ) pre- and post-simulation.
Students also completed a post-simulation reflection question.

Main Results:

No statistically significant difference was found in TEQ scores before and after the simulation.
Qualitative analysis of 44 students' reflections identified themes: silent struggle, patient-centered focus, safe environment, and communication.

Conclusions:

While quantitative empathy scores did not change, qualitative data suggests the simulation enhanced students' understanding of empathy's attributes.
Students recognized the value of empathetic care and communication. Further research is needed to validate VR 360-degree video as an empathy-enhancing tool.