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Origin, evolution and diversification of plant caleosins.

Zaibao Zhang1, Tao Xiong2, Kejia Li3

  • 1School of Life and Health Science, Huzhou College, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China. zaibaozhang79@163.com.

BMC Plant Biology
|April 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals the evolutionary path of caleosins (lipid-associated proteins) in green plants, identifying key branching events and losses across diverse plant lineages. These findings provide a foundation for understanding caleosin functions.

Keywords:
CaleosinDiversificationGene duplicationMolecular evolutionOrigin

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Caleosins are lipid-associated proteins found in plants and fungi with diverse physiological roles.
  • Previous research extensively characterized caleosins in crops, but their evolutionary history remained unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively investigate the evolutionary history and patterns of the caleosin gene family in green plants.
  • To establish a genome-wide understanding of caleosin evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of 922 caleosins from 203 species across green algae and plant taxa.
  • Large-scale phylogenetic analysis to reconstruct evolutionary relationships.

Main Results:

  • The plant caleosin family diversified into H and L branches early in plant evolution.
  • Specific plant lineages (e.g., hornworts, liverworts, certain families) show losses of caleosin clades.
  • Angiosperm caleosins exhibit further expansion within the H and L branches, with specific diversification in Brassicaceae and Poaceae.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides a comprehensive genome-wide evolutionary trajectory of the caleosin gene family in green plants.
  • The findings lay essential groundwork for future functional characterization of caleosins.