2D Programmable Photodetectors Based on WSe₂/h-BN/Graphene Heterojunctions

Programmable photovoltaic photodetectors based on 2D materials can modulate optical and electronic signals in parallel, making them particularly well-suited for optoelectronic hybrid dual-channel communication. This work presents a programmable non-volatile bipolar semi-floating gate photovoltaic photodetector (SFG-PD) constructed using tungsten diselenide (WSe₂), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), and graphene (Gra). By controlling the voltage pulses applied to the control gate, the device generates opposing built-in electric field junctions (p⁺-p and n-p junctions), enabling reversible switching between positive and negative light responses with a rapid response time of up to 2.02 µs. Moreover, the application of this device is demonstrated in dual-channel optoelectronic hybrid communication, offering a practical solution for achieving high-speed, large-capacity, low-loss, and secure multi-channel communication.