Assessing the One Health (ecosystem, animal and human health) impacts of current dietary patterns based on farm-to-fork life cycle assessment in the Republic of Ireland
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View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Adopting sustainable diets, like vegan or vegetable-focused, significantly reduces environmental and human health impacts. Transitioning to plant-based eating offers the greatest benefits for planetary and personal well-being.
Area Of Science
- Environmental Health
- Nutritional Science
- One Health Framework
Background
- Food production and dietary patterns are critical determinants of human, animal, and environmental health.
- A One Health approach is essential for understanding the complex interactions between diet and overall well-being.
- Evaluating diverse dietary patterns is necessary to identify sustainable food choices.
Purpose Of The Study
- To assess the human health and environmental impacts of thirteen distinct dietary patterns in Ireland.
- To evaluate these impacts within the One Health framework using a farm-to-fork life cycle assessment (LCA).
- To compare the environmental and health footprints of various diets, including meat-focused, seafood-focused, potato-focused, vegan, and vegetarian.
Main Methods
- A cross-sectional dietary survey of 957 adults in Ireland (2021).
- Farm-to-fork life cycle assessment (LCA) to quantify nine human health and environmental impacts.
- Analysis of thirteen dietary patterns using daily food consumption (g/capita/day) as the functional unit.
Main Results
- The 'meat-focused' diet showed the highest impacts on particulate matter formation, marine eutrophication, and terrestrial acidification.
- The 'seafood-focused' diet had the greatest impact on freshwater and marine ecotoxicity, freshwater eutrophication, and human carcinogenic toxicity.
- The 'potato-focused' diet exhibited the highest human non-carcinogenic and terrestrial ecotoxicity.
- Transitioning to a vegan diet resulted in the largest decrease (60.4%–107.3%) across all nine assessed impacts.
Conclusions
- Adopting sustainable diets, such as 'vegetable-focused', vegetarian, and vegan, can significantly improve human, environmental, and animal health.
- Dietary shifts towards plant-based patterns offer substantial reductions in environmental and health burdens.
- Consumer communication and policy interventions are crucial for promoting awareness of diet-related One Health connections.
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