Resilience response of China's terrestrial ecosystem gross primary productivity under environmental stress

Climate change perturbations contribute to the alteration of ecosystem functions and the reduction of their resilience. Understanding this reduction in resilience is fundamental for formulating strategies for sustainable ecosystem management. Consequently, a systematic evaluation of factors influencing ecosystem resilience is imperative. This involves elucidating the resilience trends and stress conditions within Chinese ecosystems spatially, thereby enabling a holistic assessment of their health status. This study assesses resilience across China by analyzing the one-month lagged time autocorrelation of terrestrial Gross Primary Production (GPP) across China. It differentiates between various stress states within the study region and employs interpretable machine learning methods to examine the relationship between terrestrial ecosystem resilience and environmental changes under different stress conditions. The findings reveal that approximately 20 % of Chinese regions are undergoing a decrease in ecosystem resilience, with over half experiencing stressed conditions. This is particularly pronounced in the northeastern and central regions of China, where a more significant and widespread decrease in resilience is observed. In the stressed areas of China, the effect of each environmental factor on the decrease in resilience is greater, where attention needs to be paid to areas with higher maximum temperature, precipitation, vapor pressure deficit, and radiation. The study highlights the variability in ecosystem resilience under different environmental conditions and their varied responses to environmental changes. This provides a scientific basis for protecting ecological balance and promoting the sustainable development of ecosystems.