Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What is Photosynthesis?00:39

What is Photosynthesis?

98.0K
Photosynthesis is a multipart, biochemical process that occurs in plants as well as in some bacteria. It captures carbon dioxide and solar energy to produce glucose. Glucose stores chemical energy in the form of carbohydrates. The overall biochemical formula of photosynthesis is 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2. Photosynthesis releases oxygen into the atmosphere and is largely responsible for maintaining the Earth’s atmospheric oxygen content.
98.0K
The Calvin Cycle01:40

The Calvin Cycle

73.2K
Overview
73.2K
The Phosphorus Cycle01:21

The Phosphorus Cycle

36.2K
Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.
36.2K
Chemiosmosis01:32

Chemiosmosis

96.4K
Oxidative phosphorylation is a highly efficient process that generates large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the basic unit of energy that drives many cellular processes. Oxidative phosphorylation involves two processes— the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain involves a series of protein complexes on the inner mitochondrial membrane that undergo a series of redox reactions. At the end of this chain, the electrons...
96.4K
The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis01:34

The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis

9.7K
The light reactions of photosynthesis assume a linear flow of electrons from water to NADP+. During this process, light energy drives the splitting of water molecules to produce oxygen. However, oxidation of water molecules is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction and requires a strong oxidizing agent. This is accomplished by the first product of light reactions: oxidized P680 (or P680+), the most powerful oxidizing agent known in biology. The oxidized P680 that acquires an electron from the...
9.7K
Otto and Diesel Cycle01:27

Otto and Diesel Cycle

1.3K
An Otto engine is a four-stroke engine that uses a mixture of gasoline and air as the working fuel. The fuel is injected into the cylinder, and the piston is moved completely down so that the cylinder is at maximum volume. By moving the piston up, adiabatic compression takes place. The spark plug ignites the gasoline-air mixture, and the burning fuel adds heat to the system at a constant volume. The heated mixture expands adiabatically and gets further cooled by exhausting heat, and this cyclic...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Codes across (life)sciences.

Bio Systems·2025
Same author

Semiotic realms: Codes, language, mind. A psychoanalytic perspective.

Bio Systems·2019
Same author

The roots of evil: a psychoanalytic inquiry.

Psychoanalytic review·2014
Same author

Silent cries, dancing tears: the metapsychology of art revisited/revised.

Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association·2011
Same author

Listening with a third ear, a second heart, and a sixth sense: standing on the shoulders of Theodor Reik.

Psychoanalytic review·2011
Same author

The language of empathy: an analysis of its constitution, development, and role in psychoanalytic listening.

Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association·2008
Same journal

Ruliological Resilience: Pattern Restoration and Robustness in Wolfram Patterns. A Basis for Regeneration, Not Just in Cone Shells?

Bio Systems·2026
Same journal

The quantum-to-classical transducer: A thermodynamic and quantum mechanical framework for the emergence of bioenergetics.

Bio Systems·2026
Same journal

Forward-backward gene expression binarization for boolean state inference over a known regulatory network.

Bio Systems·2026
Same journal

Partial-label metric ceilings for evaluating gene regulatory networks inferred from single-cell foundation models.

Bio Systems·2026
Same journal

The impedance mismatch theory: A non-equilibrium thermodynamic framework for a shared energetic stress pathway in neurodegeneration.

Bio Systems·2026
Same journal

Immune signal-status misclassification: A theoretical framework for biological status assignment and failed status resolution.

Bio Systems·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2025

Author Spotlight: Design and Evaluation of Au-Electroplated Carbon Fiber Cloth Electrodes for Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cells
06:39

Author Spotlight: Design and Evaluation of Au-Electroplated Carbon Fiber Cloth Electrodes for Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cells

Published on: October 20, 2023

2.6K

Code poiesis: Life's fuel.

Anna Aragno1

  • 1National Association for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis, 140 West End Avenue, New York, NY, 10023, USA.

Bio Systems
|April 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The coupling of copying and coding drives life's evolution and cognitive development. This study explores these mechanisms from life's origins to the digital age, revealing a continuous pattern in macro-evolutionary shifts.

More Related Videos

Biomass Conversion to Produce Hydrocarbon Liquid Fuel Via Hot-vapor Filtered Fast Pyrolysis and Catalytic Hydrotreating
11:28

Biomass Conversion to Produce Hydrocarbon Liquid Fuel Via Hot-vapor Filtered Fast Pyrolysis and Catalytic Hydrotreating

Published on: December 25, 2016

26.4K
Combustion Characterization and Model Fuel Development for Micro-tubular Flame-assisted Fuel Cells
08:16

Combustion Characterization and Model Fuel Development for Micro-tubular Flame-assisted Fuel Cells

Published on: October 2, 2016

9.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2025

Author Spotlight: Design and Evaluation of Au-Electroplated Carbon Fiber Cloth Electrodes for Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cells
06:39

Author Spotlight: Design and Evaluation of Au-Electroplated Carbon Fiber Cloth Electrodes for Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cells

Published on: October 20, 2023

2.6K
Biomass Conversion to Produce Hydrocarbon Liquid Fuel Via Hot-vapor Filtered Fast Pyrolysis and Catalytic Hydrotreating
11:28

Biomass Conversion to Produce Hydrocarbon Liquid Fuel Via Hot-vapor Filtered Fast Pyrolysis and Catalytic Hydrotreating

Published on: December 25, 2016

26.4K
Combustion Characterization and Model Fuel Development for Micro-tubular Flame-assisted Fuel Cells
08:16

Combustion Characterization and Model Fuel Development for Micro-tubular Flame-assisted Fuel Cells

Published on: October 2, 2016

9.5K

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Cognitive science
  • Psychoanalysis

Background:

  • Theories of life's origins often focus on replication and information transfer.
  • Understanding the emergence of mind from biological systems remains a key challenge.
  • Previous work suggests parallels between the origins of life and the origins of mind.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the reiteration of "copy-and-code" mechanisms across macro-evolutionary transitions.
  • To integrate Freudian dream theory to explain the transition from brain to mind.
  • To explore the potential for a "fourth evolutionary stage" in the computational age.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of macro-evolutionary transitions (organic, neural, cultural).
  • Application of psychoanalytic concepts, specifically Freudian dream theory.
  • Comparative analysis of biological and cognitive systems.

Main Results:

  • The "copy-and-code" mechanism is identified as a fundamental driver in life's promulgation and macro-evolution.
  • Freudian dream theory provides a framework for understanding the leap from neural activity to subjective mind.
  • Isomorphic reiterations of "copy-and-code" are demonstrated at increasing levels of nervous system complexity.

Conclusions:

  • "Code-poiesis" (self-generating code) is proposed as the engine of macro-evolution.
  • The continuity between life's origins and mind's origins is supported by the "copy-and-code" paradigm.
  • The externalization of mind via algorithms represents a new, ongoing evolutionary stage.