MicroRNAs in sickle cell disease: A comprehensive review

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a multifactorial disease characterized by a high incidence of morbidity and mortality due to chronic hemolysis, inflammation and oxidative stress. Recent studies have highlighted the crucial role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating key pathophysiological processes in SCD, including high levels of fetal hemoglobin production, and reduction in inflammation and cellular adhesion. This comprehensive review discusses the current understanding of miRNAs in SCD, including their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Furthermore, despite substantial evidences indicating that malaria exacerbates SCD, the review will explore the complex interplay between miRNAs and SCD, with a focus on the exacerbating effects of malaria on SCD severity. Understanding the complex interplay between miRNAs and SCD may lead to the development of novel therapeutic interventions aimed at ameliorating disease severity and improving patient outcomes. Future prospects, challenges and safety concerns related to miRNA-based therapies, highlighting the need for further research.