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Thyroid function in prenatally protein-deprived rats.

R E Shrader, M I Ferlatte, M H Hastings-Roberts

    The Journal of Nutrition
    |February 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Maternal protein deficiency significantly impairs fetal thyroid function. Newborns of protein-deprived mothers show reduced radioactive iodine uptake and lower circulating thyroid hormones, impacting thyroid development.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Developmental Biology
    • Nutritional Science

    Background:

    • Thyroid hormones are crucial for fetal and neonatal development.
    • Maternal nutrition significantly influences fetal growth and organogenesis.
    • Protein intake is essential for overall maternal and fetal health.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of maternal protein restriction on fetal and newborn thyroid function.
    • To assess the effects of low casein diets on thyroid hormone synthesis and regulation in offspring.
    • To determine the consequences of protein deficiency on thyroidal response to stimulation.

    Main Methods:

    • Dams were fed diets with 24% or 4% casein during gestation and lactation.
    • Thyroid function in fetuses and newborns was assessed using radioactive iodine uptake (autoradiography, gamma counting).

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  • Thyroidal response to thyrotropin and thyrotropin-releasing hormone was evaluated, alongside plasma triiodothyronine and thyroxine measurements.

    • Main Results:

    • Protein-deprived dams exhibited significantly reduced radioactive iodine uptake in their progeny's thyroid glands.
    • Newborns from protein-deficient dams showed diminished thyroidal colloid droplet formation after hormonal stimulation.
    • Plasma levels of triiodothyronine and thyroxine were significantly lower in newborns of protein-restricted mothers compared to controls.

    Conclusions:

    • Maternal protein deficiency severely compromises fetal and neonatal thyroid function.
    • Reduced thyroid hormone levels and impaired thyroidal response suggest developmental disruption.
    • Adequate maternal protein intake is critical for normal thyroid development and function in offspring.