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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
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Updated: May 16, 2025

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Exploring the relationships between prenatal phthalate exposure and neonatal thyroid function: A prospective cohort

Zhaoying Xiong1, Gaga Mahai1, Aizhen Wang2

  • 1School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570208, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|April 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Prenatal exposure to phthalates and their alternatives may disrupt neonatal thyroid function, particularly in girls. Higher metabolite levels were linked to increased thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), suggesting potential hormonal interference.

Keywords:
Phthalates and phthalate alternativesPrenatal exposureThyroid stimulating hormoneUPLC-MS/MS

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Endocrinology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Prenatal phthalate exposure is linked to thyroid disruption.
  • Limited evidence exists on phthalate alternatives impacting neonatal thyroid function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate associations between prenatal exposure to phthalates and alternatives with neonatal thyroid function.
  • Examine individual and mixture effects of phthalate metabolites (mPAEs).

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal data from 1202 mothers in the Wuhan Healthy Baby Cohort Study.
  • Urine metabolite analysis across three trimesters.
  • Neonatal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) measurement.

Main Results:

  • Higher levels of monomethyl phthalate (MMP) and mono-2-ethyl-5-Carboxypentyl terephthalate (MECPTP) associated with increased neonatal TSH.
  • IQR increases in mPAEs linked to 8.21%-13.5% TSH increase, more pronounced in girls.
  • Joint phthalate exposure significantly increased TSH; MEOHP and MMP were key contributors.

Conclusions:

  • Prenatal phthalate exposure may interfere with neonatal thyroid hormone homeostasis.
  • Findings highlight potential risks of phthalates and alternatives to thyroid function.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm these associations.