Cardioneuroablation: Three different approaches
Medhat Farwati1, Tolga Aksu2, Enrique I Pachon3
1Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Abstract:
Cardioneuroablation (CNA) is an emerging therapy for patients with vasovagal syncope with predominant cardioinhibitory responses. The procedure targets the neuromyocardial connections localized in specific regions of the right and left atrium as well as the adjacent ganglionated plexi (GP) providing parasympathetic innervation to the sinus and atrioventricular nodes. The target regions for CNA can be determined with various techniques, which result in heterogenous procedural approaches and endpoints in different centers specialized in this procedure. In this review we summarize the rationale and details of the procedural approach for three different techniques for CNA, namely: CNA controlled by extra-cardiac vagal stimulation, CNA guided by analysis of fractionated electrograms, and an anatomical approach to CNA.
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An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...