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Community Engaged Research Strategies Used in Food Retail Interventions: A Scoping Review.

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Community engagement (CE) in retail food environment (RFE) interventions varied widely. Higher forms of CE, like shared leadership, addressed more equity domains, suggesting future research should prioritize these strategies for health equity outcomes.

Keywords:
Community engagementCommunity inclusivenessFood retail environmentFood retail interventionsHealth equity

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Community Health Interventions
  • Health Equity Research

Background:

  • Community engagement (CE) is frequently used in US interventions to modify the retail food environment (RFE), particularly in low-income, racially segregated areas.
  • Limited understanding exists regarding the scope, intensity, and specific approaches of community engagement in RFE intervention research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically identify and categorize community engagement (CE) research approaches employed in the retail food environment (RFE) intervention literature.
  • To analyze variations in CE strategies based on RFE setting, intervention phase, publication year, and key equity domains.

Main Methods:

  • A scoping review was conducted following JBI and PRISMA guidelines, including studies published in English academic journals discussing CE in RFEs.
  • Searches were performed in PubMed, CINAHL, and ProQuest up to August 2023.
  • CE strategies were classified using the CDC continuum of community engagement: outreach, consult/involve, collaboration, and shared leadership.

Main Results:

  • Out of 98 RFE interventions (104 reports), most occurred in supermarkets, corner stores, or multiple RFE settings.
  • All interventions utilized outreach strategies; approximately half incorporated shared leadership.
  • Higher levels of CE were observed in non-traditional RFE settings (e.g., mobile markets) and across all intervention phases. Interventions using shared leadership addressed all key equity domains.

Conclusions:

  • The form of community engagement in RFE interventions is diverse, with higher engagement levels correlating with broader equity domain coverage.
  • Future research should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of shared leadership CE strategies for achieving sustainable, nutrition-related health equity.