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Related Concept Videos

Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Updated: May 16, 2025

Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples
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Nasal transcriptome differences preceding recurrent wheezing in infancy.

Poshmaal Dhar1, Martin O'Hely1, Luba Sominsky2

  • 1Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|April 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nasal gene expression in infants can predict recurrent wheeze. This study found differences in immune cell signaling and epithelial function in infants who later developed wheezing illnesses.

Keywords:
RNA sequencingWheezeasthmabirth cohortnasal transcriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric respiratory research
  • Molecular biology of infant respiratory health
  • Immunology of early-life wheezing

Background:

  • Mucosal immunity and epithelial barrier function are critical for infant respiratory health.
  • Susceptibility to early-life wheezing illnesses is influenced by these factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the nasal transcriptome in healthy infants and the subsequent development of recurrent wheeze.
  • To identify potential biomarkers for predicting recurrent wheeze in infancy.

Main Methods:

  • Population-derived prebirth cohort study.
  • Whole-transcriptome sequencing of nasal samples from 1-month-old infants.
  • Comparison of gene expression between infants who developed recurrent wheeze and those who remained wheeze-free, using DEseq2, Gene Ontology, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis.

Main Results:

  • 202 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with recurrent wheeze.
  • Upregulated pathways included chemokine-mediated signaling and immune cell chemotaxis (eosinophil, monocyte).
  • Downregulated pathways involved cilium organization and cellular aldehyde metabolism; TNF was identified as a key driver.

Conclusions:

  • Nasal transcriptome in early infancy is linked to subsequent recurrent wheeze.
  • Findings suggest altered immune cell chemotaxis, reduced epithelial barrier function, and changes in ciliary and mitochondrial function.
  • Nasal transcriptome may aid in early detection of infants at risk and identify targets for primary prevention strategies.