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The Electrical Double Layer

The Electrical Double Layer

In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...

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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

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High-Voltage Sodium Layered Cathode Stabilized by Bulk Complex-Composition Doping to Surface Phosphate Coating

Mubao Gu¹, Shiqi Chen¹, Junling Xu¹

¹School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|April 7, 2025

Summary

This study enhances sodium-ion battery cathodes using dual modification, improving stability and performance for high-voltage applications. The new material shows excellent capacity retention and faster ion transport.

Keywords:

complex-composition doping high-voltage layered oxides phosphate coating sodium-ion batteries

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Energy Storage

Background:

Layered oxides are promising for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to high energy density and low cost.
Challenges include multiphase transitions and structural instability at high voltages, hindering practical application.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a stable and high-performance cathode material for SIBs.
To address limitations of layered oxides at high voltages through a dual modification strategy.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a modified layered oxide cathode (Na0.67Ni0.255Mn0.645(TiMgCuZn)0.1O2@phosphate) using complex composition doping and phosphate coating.
Characterization of structural stability, ion transport, and electrochemical performance at high voltages.

Main Results:

The modified cathode (D-NNM) exhibited enhanced structural integrity and phase transition stability.
Achieved an initial capacity of 136.9 mA·h·g⁻¹ at 3.45 V, retaining 85% after 60 cycles at 4.4 V.
Demonstrated improved Na⁺ diffusion kinetics and suppressed particle cracking at high voltage.

Conclusions:

Dual modification strategy effectively stabilizes layered oxide cathodes for SIBs.
The approach provides comprehensive protection from bulk to surface, enhancing high-voltage performance.
Offers insights for designing advanced, high-energy-density cathodes for SIBs.