Current Advances in the Combination of Fatty Acids and Resveratrol to Fight Ocular Diseases

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and polyphenols have attracted interest to counteract ocular diseases and more specifically age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This eye disease, which is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in industrialized countries, is characterized by damage to the central part of the retina, the macula. Despite therapeutic advances with the use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) monoclonal antibodies, numerous resistance mechanisms that worsen visual impairment have been identified. In this context, we highlight the exceptional potential of polyphenols and PUFA in addressing AMD through their actions on the different molecular mechanisms involved in AMD progression. More specifically, this review focuses on the current understanding of the effects of resveratrol, as well as docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids, two prominent omega-3 PUFA, and the combination of these compounds. We also discuss the limitations and explore future directions for the combined use of these natural products as preventive or complementary therapies to preserve vision and slow disease progression.