Electrospinning and Nanofiber Technology: Fundamentals, Innovations, and Applications

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Chemical Engineering

Background:

• Electrospinning is a key technique for producing nanofibers (NFs) with tunable properties.
• It allows for precise control over morphology, composition, and functionality.
• This method integrates diverse materials and architectures for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in electrospinning technology.
• To highlight progress in fabricating various types of nanofibers (NFs).
• To discuss the application of electrospun NFs in critical areas.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of polymer, metal oxide, carbon, and composite NFs.
• Utilizing advanced electrospinning techniques like coaxial, aligned, and roll-to-roll processes.
• Exploring diverse NF architectures (porous, core-shell, hollow, aligned).

Main Results:

• Significant progress in creating diverse NF types and architectures.
• Demonstrated scalability and adaptability of electrospinning techniques.
• Successful application of electrospun NFs in functional membranes, sensors, energy systems, and catalysis.

Conclusions:

• Electrospinning offers groundbreaking potential for next-generation nanomaterials.
• Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and sustainable design is crucial.
• Robotics-based electrospinning and AI are essential for scalability, performance, and sustainability.